Gambling is a risky behaviour in which participants stake something of value (usually money) on an uncertain outcome. It may involve a game of chance, skill, or some other factor, such as social status, that influences the outcome. Some people engage in gambling activities legally and responsibly, while others do not. The term ‘gambling’ is also used to describe a number of other activities where a person risks losing something of value in the hope of winning more. These include lotteries, sports betting, dice games and card games. Some simulated gambling games, such as computer poker and role-playing games also involve the possibility of winning or losing money.
It is believed that 0.2- 1.6% of Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling (PG). Men tend to develop PG more quickly than women and are more likely to engage in strategic or face-to-face forms of gambling. Those with PG are more likely to lose control of their gambling and suffer distress as a result, such as depression or anxiety. The onset of PG usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood.
Until recently, the psychiatric community generally considered PG to be a form of impulse control disorder rather than an addiction. In the 1980s, however, when updating its manual of mental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association moved PG from an impulse control category to the ‘addictions’ section of the DSM. The APA’s decision to move PG was widely viewed as a major change in the way that addiction is viewed in psychiatry and society.
Harms from gambling are a complex and highly sensitive area, with multiple factors contributing to their occurrence. Various models of harm have been proposed, but the literature lacks a comprehensive and agreed definition of gambling related harm.
One of the most important things to do when a loved one has a gambling problem is to seek professional help. A therapist can help them overcome their problems and repair family relationships.
Another step is to set boundaries in managing money. For example, the therapist can suggest setting limits on spending money or even putting family finances into a trust account to prevent someone from gambling. They can also provide marriage, career, and credit counseling to help the person address underlying issues that are contributing to their gambling problems.
It is also important to understand that the first step in addressing gambling related harm is for the person with a gambling problem to admit they have a problem. This can be a difficult task, especially if they have lost large amounts of money or strained or broken relationships as a result of their gambling habit. However, the reality is that many other people have successfully overcome this type of gambling problem. Seeking help is a sign of strength and courage, and it can lead to a more healthy, fulfilling life.
